Birch Trees (Betula)
Birch Trees (Betula) Overview
Birch trees belong to the genus Betula in the family Betulaceae, native to temperate and boreal regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Known for their distinctive white or silver bark, they are common in forests, gardens, and urban landscapes.
Allergy Connection
Birch trees are a leading cause of pollen allergies, especially in spring:
Pollen Allergies: Birch pollen is highly allergenic and can cause symptoms like sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and asthma. Birch pollen allergies are common in Northern and Central Europe, North America, and parts of Asia.
Oral Allergy Syndrome (OAS): Birch pollen allergens cross-react with proteins in certain raw fruits, vegetables, and nuts. Common triggers include apples, pears, cherries, carrots, hazelnuts, and almonds, leading to itching or swelling in the mouth and throat.
High Pollen Production: A single birch tree can release millions of pollen grains, which are lightweight and easily dispersed by the wind over long distances.
Prevention and Management
Monitor Pollen Levels: Use allergy forecasts to minimize exposure during peak pollen seasons.
Limit Outdoor Activities: Stay indoors on high-pollen days, especially during the morning when pollen counts are highest.
Install Air Filters: Use HEPA filters in homes and cars to reduce airborne pollen.
Consider Immunotherapy: Allergy shots or sublingual tablets can help desensitize the immune system to birch pollen.
Source
American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (AAAAI): Birch Pollen Allergy
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE): Allergy Management
